OpenDoTT on REUSE CITY Wiki

Thesis

Fri, 06 Jun 2025 09:33:01 +0000

Thesis#

Thesis title: Generous cities – weaving commons-oriented systems for the reuse of excess materials in urban contexts

Submitted for examination on 30/06/2023.
Viva voce (examination board) took place on 21/09/2023.
Final version submitted to Northumbria University’s Graduate School in March 2024.
Degree awarded in April 2024.

The thesis was made available on 24/10/24 from Northumbria’s Research Portal.

Uploaded to Zenodo as well (April 2025). DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15263863.

A PDF copy of the thesis is also stored here.

Design Concepts

Tue, 06 May 2025 08:56:09 +0000

Design Concepts#

Part of my PhD investigation.

The concept ideas shown here are my responses to issues and insights identified while exploring the idea of waste avoidance in cities and towns, and how initiatives under that perspective are usually absent from smart city projects. Each concept connects differently to at least one of the four target groups.

These ideas are not meant to be radically new. Rather, the intention is contributing to build a systemic, commons-based approach that allows society as a whole to benefit from the potential value that can be generated through secondary flows of matter.

Thesis References

Tue, 06 May 2025 08:47:43 +0000

References#

From my thesis.

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Research Outputs

Mon, 17 Mar 2025 22:34:09 +0000

Outputs#

Publications#

Generous Cities: commons-based handling of excess materials#

Paper submitted to the Livable Cities Conference (London, 2024) and included as a chapter of the ebook Resilient Cities in a Changing World (ISBN 978-1-0369-0933-8).

An online co-design lab: reuse.city#

Short abstract published in: Caderno de Resumos ESOCITE LA 2024 (PDF version here).

Full text available here.

Reuse Commons – a toolkit to weave generous cities (2022)#

Published in: Proceedings of the Fab 17 Research Papers Stream, Issue October 2022, 2022, Page(s) 123-133 Publisher: Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7432152

reuse.city

Tue, 20 Aug 2024 15:33:27 +0000

reuse.city lab#

The name reuse.city was originally used to name of my research studies. In August 2024, I started using the name Reuse City for my studio.

reuse.city lab was a research study created to co-design speculative technologies, methodologies, and systems to promote the reuse of goods and materials in cities and regions. It was conducted between April and August 2021.

Objectives#

The main goal of reuse.city was to co-design ways to expand the ability to reuse goods and materials in cities and regions, particularly with the aid of networked digital tecnologies. A secondary objective was to investigate social as well as cultural aspects that influence the reuse of goods and materials.

Reuse Commons

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 01:53:34 +0000

Reuse Commons#

Reuse Commons is a research design concept of a toolkit to create local systems of material reuse. It is based on three layers of activation:

Territory
Stakeholders
Exchange protocols

Documentation#

Original design concept (2020).
Research paper and video presentation: Reuse Commons - a toolkit to weave generous cities (2022).

Application of research#

Reuse Commons Toolkit (2024).

Reuse Datasets

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 01:42:49 +0000

Reuse Datasets#

Reuse Datasets are a research design concept of digital platforms to integrate and provide access to data about different kinds of reuse of materials in urban environments, including household, community and local initiatives. Its main objective is to fill the gap between the recommendation of prioritising reuse over recycling and the lack of reliable data on reuse.

Documentation#

Original design cpncept (2020).
Presentation at Valuing Public Data Conference (2024).

Universal Registry of Things

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 01:26:39 +0000

Universal Registry of Things#

The Universal Registry of Things is a design concept of a trusted source of information about how to reuse objects and materials. It does so by offering information about repair, customisation and repurposing of virtually any kind of thing.

The prototype of the Universal Registry of Things was prototyped for research purposes using the name ThingWiki.

Documentation#

Original design concept (2020).
Prototyping lab notes

Publications, Engagement and Outreach

Wed, 24 Jul 2024 12:34:21 +0000

Presentations#

An online co-design lab: reuse.city#

UNICAMP Campinas, 2024

Presentation at ESOCITE LA 2024 (Latin American Journey of Social Studies of Science and Technology).

Abstracts Book available here.
Full text available here.

Reuse datasets for alternative circularities of products and materials#

Circular Berlin Berlin / Online, 2024

Description: Despite recent advancements in terms of legislation and industrial practices, a fully closed-loop economy is not yet feasible in the foreseeable future. In such a scenario, recycling won’t be enough to cope with the growing volume of goods being manufactured every day, in the whole world. Felipe Schmidt Fonseca’s PhD research (Northumbria University / Mozilla Foundation) explored convivial approaches to create socially inclusive local systems of waste prevention that help divert potentially reusable materials from the waste stream. This presentation will focus on “reuse datasets”, a design concept developed during Felipe´s investigation to help seek alternative circularities through commons-based governance of data relevant for the reuse of products and materials.

Universal Registry of Things

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 08:44:12 +0000

Universal Registry of THings#

To be added

Reuse Bin

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 08:43:40 +0000

Reuse Bin#

To be added

Reuse Dataset

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 08:41:14 +0000

Reuse Dataset#

To be added

Make Waste Visible

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 08:40:04 +0000

Make Waste Visible#

To be added

Reuse this Thing

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 08:39:23 +0000

Reuse this Thing#

To be added

Point and Reuse

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 08:37:47 +0000

Point and Reuse#

To be added

Research Questions

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 08:13:44 +0000

Research Questions#

(filed under Thesis).

As is probably always the case - particularly in social sciences, art and design -, the exact framing and phrasing of my Research Questions was subject to ongoing challenge and reformulation throughout the PhD. The final version that made it to the thes is the following:

Situating my investigation at the confluence of inclusive urbanism, open-source technologies and methods, eco-social innovation and service design, I defined my Research Question (RQ) in the following terms: ‘How can practices of reuse contribute to reimagining and reshaping the way cities handle excess materials – from industry-oriented waste management to community-based practices of local waste prevention?’ The RQ unfolds and can be explored through a series of complementary approaches:

prototypes

Tue, 28 May 2024 09:40:04 +0000

#Prototypes

Experience prototype#

Page under construction. Contents to be added soon.

The text below is outdated. The experience prototype will be integrated with the reuse.city lab.

Objectives#

Through the workshops conducted during the reuse city lab in April 2021, new co-design concepts based on the original concept ideas were developed. Two of them were turned into prototypes: ThingWiki (an experimental implementation of the Universal Registry of Things) and E-I (an evaluation interface based on two earlier concept ideas).

On Generosity

Tue, 28 May 2024 09:39:44 +0000

On Generosity#

(see also my research studies).

Notes and reflections about my personal journey during the PhD investigation.

Page under construction. More contents to be added soon.

09/06/2024 - scoping my research#

Felipe Schmidt Fonseca

In the first months of doctoral investigation (2019-2020) I had to decide on, circumscribe and define my research focus. OpenDoTT had assigned me the topic “Smart Cities”, and I was allowed - or rather expected - to engage critically with it. Upon getting familiarised with the topic - to which attending the conference “Beyond Smart Cities Today” in Rotterdam was essential -, I had a panorama of the scenario. There was already enough being written about the most obvious shortcoming of the smart city rhetoric: the lack of real participation, the imposition of a techno-solutionist perspective, a very superficial understanding of what the main issues in cities are. Part of my literature review is dedicated to those elements. Still, I was not drawn to a generic critique, nor did I feel I could contribute to the most visible issues of smart city technology such as surveillance, lighting, inventory, transportation.

Methodology

Fri, 24 May 2024 13:03:55 +0000

Methodology#

(filed under Thesis).

Page under construction. Contents to be added soon.

Literature and Context Review

Fri, 24 May 2024 13:03:40 +0000

Literature and Context Review#

(filed under Thesis).

Page under construction. Contents to be added soon.

Ethics

Fri, 24 May 2024 13:00:18 +0000

Page under construction. Contents to be added soon.

Reports

Wed, 22 May 2024 23:13:50 +0000

Reports#

As a cooperation programme between Northumbria University and a consortium of organisations, OpenDoTT required each fellow to submit documentation and reports on the ongoing research activities. The materials listed in this page were the reports I submitted during the research. See also: workbooks, research outputs.

Training Reports#

Internet Health (2020).
Communication and Public Engagement (2022).
Digital Inclusion and Digital Literacy: Blog Post, Slides (2022).
Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurhsip (2022).

Datasets#

Research Progress#

Midterm Review (2020).
Annual-Progression 1 (2020-2021).
Annual Progression 2 (2021-2022).
Policy Implications Report (2022).
Mock Viva (2023).
Viva (2023).

Concepts and Prototypes#

Design Concepts (also tentative online version) (2020) and updated here.
Prototypes (PDF, 2021).
Technology Demonstrators (git repository, 2021).
Deployment Datasets (git repository, 2021).
Design Concepts 2 (PDF, 2021).
Design Concepts 3 (PDF, 2022).

Workbooks

Wed, 22 May 2024 23:09:51 +0000

Workbooks#

As a way to document ongoing processes, OpenDoTT planned to publish workbooks themed on elements of its research structure. My sections in these workbooks are available in the PDFs below:

Additionally, my reports from two training modules were also structured as workbooks:

Internet Health (2020).
Digital Inclusion and Digital Literacy (2022).

The project has also composed an overall Research Skills Workbook. And instead of proceedings of a final conference that did not take place, the OpenDoTT consortium published a book titled “Reboot IoT”.

Repair Journey

Wed, 22 May 2024 23:08:02 +0000

Repair Journey#

(part of my research studies).

In the Repair Journey, I have recruited a group of participants whom I asked to choose an object they would like to repair or repurpose, and spend some weeks keeping a diary of how the repair (or attempt to repair) went.

Additional material#

Slides for the Intro / Recruitment event
PDF summary of data collected in the study

Design of the research study#

The study was designed to investigate ways in which materials that are broken, obsolete or otherwise inadequate can be repaired, adapted or transformed in urban contexts. In particular, I expected to understand how the value of an object is perceived in different situations, and how accessible are the possible ways to handle or transform it.

Design Research

Wed, 22 May 2024 23:01:50 +0000

Design Research#

One of the founding elements of OpenDoTT was Design Research. During the first year of the programme we had training modules offered by STBY and Quicksand. That foundation was incorporated in my research studies Repair Journey and Ecosystem Mapping, which informed the creation of my eight design concepts. Design Research was later combined with other methodologies in the reuse.city co-design lab and my speculative prototypes.

Studies

Thu, 16 May 2024 12:51:30 +0000

Studies#

My research was developed through critical reflection of literature and context, experimentation and a series of research studies grounded on methods of design research and participatory action research. Three research studies were registered and approved by my Universities’ ethics committees:

An initial design research phase, composed of two studies:
- Repair Journey;
- Ecosystem Mapping;
An international online co-design lab called reuse.city.

During the final stretch of research, I have not conducted any new research study with participants. I have however engaged with the fields related to my research, the outputs of my previous studies and my life experience prior to the PhD inspired by auto-ethnography and reflective practice. Loose notes and other materials about that stage can be found in the page on generosity.

Ecosystem Mapping

Thu, 16 May 2024 12:47:58 +0000

Ecosystem Mapping#

(part of my research studies).

For the Ecosystem Mapping, I have interviewed people who are related (either professionally or informally) with repair and reuse. The main idea was to understand how the value of discarded materials can be assessed from diverse perspectives, and what kinds of transformations, equipment and knowledge are involved at a system level.

Design of the research study#

During the first module of our design research training, I have experimented with a map of Dundee, trying to identify what were the different sorts of organisations and services that would be relevant for reusing things in the city (especially around its West End where the University campus is located). Based on that quick exercise, I wanted to get a deeper understanding of the scenario, and decided to conduct a series of interviews in order to map the ecosystem aroung repair, customizations and reuse.

datasets

Wed, 15 May 2024 14:11:40 +0000

Datasets#

ESR4 Smart Cities#

2020

Description:

Felipe Schmidt Fonseca’s research around smart cities has placed a strong emphasis on environmental and social issues, as well as ownership and sovereignty. It has placed particular attention on waste management, but with the goal of contributing solutions to avoid as much as possible, reducing the need for waste management in the usual way. Instead, his work aims to encourage the reuse of materials in cities and towns through initiatives of repair and repurposing - aimed at and run by local actors.

Annual Progression 2

Tue, 14 May 2024 15:03:23 +0000

Annual Progression 2#

This section documents my second Annual Progression, performed by the Northumbria University in January 2022 as an interim evaluation towards the completion of my PhD.

Current title of proposed research: Waste Prevention and Generous Cities
Principal Supervisor: Dr Nick Spencer
Progression panel subject specialist: Dr Angelika Strohmayer

Documents (PDF)#

Feedback#

I approve your annual progression, but there are a few things that are really important for you to work on as soon as possible: primarily your theoretical and methodological grounding of the work. I think it will be important for you to find the literature you want to speak with in your dissertation, which will ultimately shape your ontology, epistemology, and subsequent methodology - and importantly whether or not you are building on anticolonial theories and notions for your dissertation as this will likely have a big impact on the ways in which you interpret knowing, data, and so on. From experience, I would argue that with having that figured out, things like your dissertation structure and the methods you use will become much more clear. I am a little bit worried you do not have this theoretical aspect figured out yet, but it is absolutely understandable given the amount of work you are doing in the OpenDoTT project. Overall, I think you have a really interesting project, that depending on which way you choose to go has some exciting potential for shaping how we think about design and sustainability critically. and the projects you have worked on are exciting avenues of inquiry - figuring out how to tell that story is difficult. But I am a firm believer in the notion that the writing process is part of the thinking process, so I would encourage you to try to write out some text (doesn’t have to be structured in any way) on what argument you are wanting to make with your dissertation. You explained this really well in the panel meeting, so please write this down. then you have something to work with and build on rather than feeling like starting from a blank page. use the writing you have done so far in your blogposts to your advantage as well, and start to bring together your thinking. Well done, and I’m excited to see the progress you will have made in the AP3!"

Annual-Progression-1

Tue, 14 May 2024 15:01:12 +0000

This section documents my first Annual Progression, performed by the Northumbria University in January 2021 as an interim evaluation towards the completion of my PhD.

Current title of proposed research: Waste Prevention in Smart Cities
Principal Supervisor: Dr Nick Taylor
Progression panel chair: Steve Gibson
Progression panel subject specialist: Angelika Strohmayer

Documents (PDF):#

Feedback:#

Overall, you have made good progress on your PhD. It is great to see you develop your thinking from the work you were doing before the PhD, into the design work, and now thinking back at how all of this could relate to policy work. While you have done a lot of work, and have a clear plan for the next step, it would be good for you to think more carefully about and to articulate the wider story behind your work: what is the research you are doing, how does it contribute to ongoing academic debates on smart cities, sustainability, waste reduction, etc.? Where does your work contribute in this academic debate? And how does your practical research help you contribute to this debate? In your second year it will be really important for you to write a detailed bit of writing on your methodology and literature review. This should include information on what you’re doing, why you’re doing it, and what decisions you have made along the way. It should also include thinking about how your literature is shaping this thinking, and finding the literature that gels with what you’re doing and that you can put your own research into conversation with. Articulation of the wider story would be important to include in your next progression panel. A part of this is also having a clear plan for your third year: the conversation we had about personal responsibility and wider structural/political concerns may be a good starting point for this thinking. As we were talking about this, you mentioned that you saw technology as a way to engage people in conversation about economic systems and how industry promotes a culture of discarding things; therefore addressing indirectly wider political issues rather than personal responsibility. You also mentioned how you are thinking about your work in terms of bringing communities into conversation to help develop meaningful policies for larger corporations. This is really core to your argument of the PhD, and really interesting and important areas to do more research into. This may be a good starting point for you to find literature and methodological considerations that will help pull together your PhD. We would expect you to have done more thinking and writing about this, to ensure you have much more clarity on these two areas for your second annual progression panel. Overall though, well done! This is an interesting research area and one that has some real potential to help shape how we think about smart cities, technologies, and waste management (all of which are incredibly important areas in our world today!)

Annual Progression 2 - Report

Mon, 14 Feb 2022 17:18:19 +0000

Year 2 Progress Report#

Felipe Schmidt Fonseca - ESR 4 07/01/2022

1. OpenDoTT, year 2#

My PhD research is part of OpenDoTT, a program designed around three distinct stages, each of them lasting approximately one year. In the first phase, still based in the UK, we explored Research Through Design by conducting studies to help define and refine our initial research questions. The second year would have started with the relocation of the five OpenDoTT fellows to Berlin, to work at the Mozilla Foundation’s office. The emphasis at that point would change to Open Design and Internet Health, accompanied by focal training modules on prototyping with Open Hardware and Privacy by Design. Finally, the third year is planned to be about Digital Inclusion, Policy and Legislation, as well as allowing us time to write, submit and present our theses.

README

Mon, 14 Feb 2022 17:17:49 +0000

Annual Progression 2#

This section of the documents my second Annual Progression, performed by the Northumbria University in January 2022 as an interim evaluation towards the completion of my PhD.

The main document in this folder is Annual Progression 2, containing the AP2 report and links to other documents.

Texts, blog posts and other materials I have used to feed the report will be kept in the source subfolder.

Annual Progression 2 - Research Plan

Mon, 14 Feb 2022 16:54:30 +0000

Year 3 Research Plan#

Felipe Schmidt Fonseca - ESR 4 07/01/2022

2022 will be the final year of my PhD research. The first semester will focus chiefly on the third phase of OpenDott, with training modules and new deliverables to be submitted. The deliverables will inform work on my thesis that will keep progressing until I start focusing exclusively on it in the second semester.

1. OpenDoTT 2022#

At the meeting of OpenDoTT supervisory board that took place in the second semester of 2021, we were reminded that completion of project deliverables by the end of June takes priority over PhD writing. Aligning with OpenDoTT plans for the final year, I have already attended three training modules (Digital Inclusion and Digital Literacy; Media Training; Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurship) and will need to write reflective pieces about them.

Annual Progression 2 - Activities

Mon, 14 Feb 2022 16:50:50 +0000

Year 2 Activities#

Felipe Schmidt Fonseca - ESR 4 07/01/2022

During the second year of PhD, I have carried out diverse activities. Some of them were part of OpenDoTT plans. Others emerged as I engaged with my topics of research via literature, study participants or events. On the one hand, such activities informed an understanding of where my work stands in relation to different perspectives - from urban studies, from waste management, from open methodologies, from IoT. On the other, I have collected and generated data that will be useful as I go deeper into constructing my thesis in the third year. This document is a list of the activities accomplished in the second year, organised in the following sections:

reuse.city

Wed, 18 Aug 2021 14:07:02 +0000

reuse city lab#

Abstract#

LATER

Introduction#

Waste is arguably one of the most explicit signs of the pervasiveness of global industrial production. A high - and growing - volume of manufactured goods is discarded each minute and everywhere - from hyperconnected megacities to isolated rural villages. The fact that most of that material is not reincorporated into production represents itself a systemic unbalance. Approaches such as cradle-to-cradle [REF], circular economy and the doughnut economy (see REF, REF, REF) point to how unsustainable production paradigms currently are. Alternatively to a linear mode of production, often described as based on a single-directional paradigm of “take - make - dispose”, authors and organisations active in those fields propose moving towards cyclic and regenerative practices. These are to be pursued chiefly through better design, materials science and new policy [REF]. Data on the environmental as well as financial impact of waste is used to back these predicaments ¹. In that scenario, a boom of initiatives promoting regenerative practices organise their practices and avocacy to promote change in all parts of the world around ideas such as zero waste, upcycling and the right to repair.

Ethnography

Wed, 30 Jun 2021 08:41:13 +0000

From a blog post tield Disciplines:

My writing - perhaps excessively self-referent - does not feel like an attempt to galvanize acquired knowledge, but rather to draw lines from my own embodied experience and learnings. My friend and former supervisor at my master’s in Unicamp Rafael Evangelista is a social scientist with a PhD in social anthropology. I remember problematising ethnography and anthropology at class and while writing my dissertation. That distinction is made very clear by Tim Ingold: “Anthropology is studying with and learning from (…). Ethnography is a study of and learning about”. I tend to align with the former. I do not investigate practices of reuse in cities as an uninterested, objective observer. Being twice during the project - first in Dundee, now in Berlin - a foreign citizen in a new city trying to adapt to different social organisation, culture, weather and language, I feel particularly well positioned to consider my own lived experience as a good source of insight for the research. Not the only one, naturally. But even when interacting with participants, which I do enjoy and take pleasure on, I don’t approach them as if I was merely a design researcher hired by a company or institution to investigate (through “ethnography”?) how they can help such company or institution to create better products or services. I am part of the ecosystem, as an individual as well as citizen, activist, policy-maker and any other hats I might use.

Prototyping

Mon, 21 Jun 2021 09:53:46 +0000

Notes

Prototyping (blog post)

E-I

Mon, 21 Jun 2021 09:21:31 +0000

E-I - Evaluation Interface#

Notes from prototyping experiments conducted alongside the reuse.city co-design lab.

Description#

E-I is technology (hardware + software) to increase the ability to reuse products and materials.

Lab notes here.

Drafting a basic prototype:

User shows an object to E-I
E-I compares images and other information collected from the product/object (weight, colors, barcode, QR code) against a database such as the universal registry of things
When information about the object is found, E-I retrieves it and delivers to the user
When information about the object is not found, E-I allows the user to input information

For prototyping purposes, mock-ups of a workbench version of E-I can be constructed:

Generous Cities

Mon, 21 Jun 2021 09:21:31 +0000

Generous cities is a portrait of the reuse of materials in cities and regions from the perspective of a reflective individual city-dweller. It builds on my personal experience as a foreign citizen interested in understanding cultures of repair, repurposing and re-circulation, as well as systems, infrastructure and incentives to waste prevention that connect with those cultural practices.

On this page and its containing folders I will collect and organise references, inmpressions, experiences and memories. I plan to transform these materials into at least one essay, borrowing instruments from anthropology such as, but not limited to, ethnography.

ThingWiki

Mon, 21 Jun 2021 09:21:31 +0000

ThingWiki#

Transformation Labs

Mon, 21 Jun 2021 09:21:31 +0000

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Waste Prevention in Smart Cities#

Felipe Schmidt Fonseca#

OpenDoTT - October 2020#

“Cities have often been likened to symphonies and poems, and the comparison seems to me a perfectly natural one. They are, in fact, objects of the same kind. The city may even be rated higher since it stands at the point where nature and artifice meet. A city is a congestion of animals whose biological history is enclosed within its boundaries, and yet every conscious and rational act on the part of these creatures helps to shape the city’s eventual character. By its form as by the manner of its birth, the city has elements at once of biological procreation, organic evolution, and aesthetic creation. It is both a natural object and a thing to be cultivated; individual and group; something lived and something dreamed. It is the human invention par excellence.” Lévi-Strauss, Tristes Tropiques [11]

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Annual Progression Report - Year 2#

Felipe Schmidt Fonseca ESR 4 - OpenDoTT

1. OpenDoTT, year 2 in context#

My PhD research is part of OpenDoTT, an international doctoral training program designed around three distinct stages, each one lasting approximately one year. On the first year, still based in the UK, we - the five OpenDoTT fellows - would explore Research Through Design and conduct studies to help define and refine our initial research questions. The second year should start with our relocation to Berlin, working at the Mozilla Foundation. The emphasis at that point would change to Open Design and Internet Health, accompanied by focal training modules on prototyping with Open Hardware and Privacy by Design. Finally, the third year would be about Digital Inclusion, Policy and Legislation, as well as securing time to write, submit and present our theses. We have so far completed the activities planned for the second year of the project.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Thesis structure#

The outline below was informed by reflection, meetings with supervisors and conversations with colleagues and other researchers. It is still work in progress and will likely change as the final year develops.

A critique of smart cities
Excess materials in the city 2.1. Alternative economics 2.2. Reuse: Repair, Maintenance, Upcycling, Re-circulation 2.3. Making and fabrication
Research Questions
Methodology 4.1. Design research 4.2. Open design
Research studies 5.1. Ecosystem Mapping 5.2. Repair journey 5.3. reuse.city
prototyping 6.1. thingwiki 6.2. E-I 6.3. Transformation Labs 6.4. reuse.city
Analysing research outputs
Final discussion 8.1. Spiral of openness 8.2. Generous cities

An updated copy of this document, added of references, descriptions and other parts, will be available as it evolves in the following URL:

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

#AP2 Guidance

AP Form#

A report on the progress of the research degree programme to date (1000-1500 words);
Evidence of development of the thesis / portfolio e.g. draft chapter(s) and/or paper(s) in press / published;
A review of the current research plan (as agreed at the last milestone) plus an update on how timely completion will be maintained to the next milestone (i.e. the next AP or submission of thesis);
Details of achievements since the start of the project (e.g. conference presentations, reports, publications);
An indication of future plans (e.g. conference presentations, reports, publications).
Details of impact of Covid-19 as described in the guidance on page 1 of this form
Outline plan to completion (this is really important at this stage), including a timeline chart (typical).
Evidence of progress towards writing the thesis – including outline thesis structure and draft chapters: literature review, methodology, field work (data/analysis)
Statement of anticipated contribution to new knowledge and its understanding.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Loose drafts#

I’m copying below loose paragraphs and texts stemming from applications, blog posts, social media messages and other sources.

Waste is one of the most explicit signs of the pervasiveness of global industrial production. The fact that most of the manufactured materials are not reincorporated into production represents itself a systemic unbalance. Approaches such as cradle-to-cradle, circular economy and the doughnut economy point to how unsustainable the current production paradigms are. Alternatively to a linear mode of production, often described as based on a single-directional paradigm of “take - make - dispose”, authors and organisations active in those fields propose moving towards cyclic and regenerative practices. In that scenario, a boom of initiatives promoting regenerative practices organise their practices to promote change around ideas such as zero waste, upcycling and the right to repair.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

reuse city lab#

Abstract#

LATER

Introduction#

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

A Spiral of Openness#

! 0.2. This is a snapshot of the working version of a text I wrote for the OpenDoTT blog, as part of our training on Internet Health and Open Leadership. It feeds from and interacts with other materials kept in this repository.

After an unusual summer (wasn’t it?), my second year at the OpenDoTT project started with a change of gears. Not only have I started to engage with the local context of Berlin - a scenario radically different from Dundee in many aspects, in particular those related to the reuse of second-hand materials - but the whole project has a different focus on this phase. Our core activities last year were centred on design research. We have created and conducted studies putting in practice that emphasis. From now on, though, the other fellows and I are expected to start prototyping on top of our previous findings. That will be accomplished by bringing together both technical explorations made possible by open source hardware and software, as well as open methodologies inspired by Mozilla. We will still perform another round of fieldwork, incorporating these additional layers.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

2. Activities developed on Year 2#

2.1. Training#

The OpenDoTT consortium offered a series of training modules during the second year, all of which I participated in:

Internet Health and Open Leadership, provided by the Mozilla Foundation.
Open Hardware and Prototyping, provided by Officine Innesto.
Privacy by Design, provided by STBY and UdK.
Protecting Intellectual Property, provided by Northumbria University.
Media Training, provided by Northumbria University.

I have also attended additional courses, as listed below:

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Smart (sustainable, fair, kind, participatory, sovereign, pretty, carbon-positive, future-building, inclusive, resilient…) Cities#

Over the last thousands of years, humanity evolved - at least in part - by organising our lives in adaptive systems, some of which are called ‘cities’. It might be fair to say that every city is already smart in that sense. After all, we have applied our capacity to observe and learn, with creativity and ingenuity (along with selective blindness and a lot of luck, one could argue), in order to overcome the many challenges of sustaining life over generations.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

4. Plans for Year 3#

In the OpenDoTT supervisory board meeting that took place in the second semester of 2021, we were informed that completion of project deliverables by the end of June takes priority over PhD writing. Aligning with OpenDoTT plans for the final year, I have already attended three training modules (Digital Inclusion and Digital Literacy; Media Training; Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurship) and will need to write reflective pieces about them.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Meeting - 09.04.2021#

Notes#

3 participants.

Tactile, hands-on education
Educate the wider public on possibilities
Reuse centres / Fablabs
Master / apprentice
Remote repair cafes
Storage to collect stuff
Tools. Tool libraries.
Helsinki - people bring stuff to reuse centres. Senior repairer has final word.

Standard / protocol instead of central database
Connect with the right to repair
GitHub logic (fork / diff)

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Meeting - 13.04.2021#

Notes#

One participant.

![20210413-call.jpg]

DWAM - “doing with available materials”
Systems view. Energy flows.
Taking a situation and optimising what you have
Geologists - deep history

Access to tools#

Get used to a tools - how can I use it, how not to get injured. Break point: coming to trust the tool and one’s own abilities.
I look at an object and can think of 10 ways to change it.
Grandpa’s toolbox. Dad’s workshop. Follow directions, but also free access. Only control: return tools to where they came from.
Sandboxing. Coming to play. Play space. With too much control, there’s no play.

Speculating#

Collective database / machine learning
Human knowledge - rooted in long term experience. Interface with meatspace.
What data to capture, how to capture it and how to return it.
Education
Dialogue
Facilitate initial conditions - set up conditions of trust
Tech situation is always embedded in the social - technosocial
An app has so many linkages, is so embedded in the techno-industrial systems. Mistrustfulness.
Idea: have the app on its own device. Pull the device out of the infrastructure.
Trust can not be rooted in the technical. Human, face to face. Dealing with other human beings. Rooted in real world situations.
Systems view: keywording is essential. Keyword cloud allows to move into an information space.
(FF Note: a dataset…) is never finished.
Reduction. The map won’t be the territory. (FF Note: Borges’ The Congress always comes to mind.)
An app. You pick up a tool, the app gives you solutions and directions. How to fork this thing. Here’s a user story. (FF Note: I had not thought before of using an app to bring info about tools, only objects that could be transformed by tools)

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Meeting - 16.04.2021#

We met Friday afternoon (CEST). Three participants (NL, UK, US).

Notes#

Local repair shop
Ghana - virtually everything will be reused
first repair, then sell, then scavenge for parts.
Hard to find repair/reuse in the US (gave up making pictures in NY; bike repair workshop inaccessible in LA)
Helsinki - almost industrial vs Havana - side-of-the-road workshops, oral culture
EU - decentralized / centralized policy. systems.
Stamp of approval for re-sale
COVID - becoming OK to get something from a neighbour
Precious plastic
Subsided infrastructure
Gaming industry
Doughnut Economy
Policies / OEM / Education
Municipal-led reuse centres (FF note: transformation labs!)
Islands of solutions
one-stop shops
registry of things: wikipedia inspired (FF note: not wikipedia - individual, rational - but linux inspired - individual + community + organisations). Instead of avoiding hobbyists, build cooperation between diverse levels of institutional structures and their absence.
traceability + readability
forensic architecture
ability to read / unpack

Miro Board, in a frame of this week’s:

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Brainstorming#

13.04.2021#

reuse city meeting. From participant:

Brainstorming on app: You pick up a tool, the app gives you solutions and directions. How to fork this thing. Here’s a user story. (FF Note: I had not thought before of using an app to bring info about tools, only objects that could be transformed by tools).

08.03.2021#

More inspiration: lamps made of upcycled materials.

04.03.2021#

How about a robot shaped like this?

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

E-I - evaluation interface#

Description#

E-I is technology (hardware + software) to increase the ability to reuse products and materials.

Drafting a basic prototype:

User shows an object to E-I
E-I compares images and other information collected from the product/object (weight, colors, barcode, QR code) against a database such as the universal registry of things
When information about the object is found, E-I retrieves it and delivers to the user
When information about the object is not found, E-I allows the user to input information

For prototyping purposes, mock-ups of a workbench version of E-I can be constructed:

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Prototypes#

Prototypes being proposed (feel free to add ideas):

See also this miro board with an overview of the three prototypes/blueprints.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Transformation Labs#

Public infrastructure (facilities) allowing citizens to repair, upcycle and repurpose goods and materials. A hotspot for tactile education and creative experimentation. Work in tandem (or inside) scrap shops, second hand warehouses and reuse centres.

What constitutes a transformation lab?

Policy for accepting / sorting materials and products
[[#Equipment]] - tools, machines, testers
Storage space
Spare parts
Consumables
Futurely: E-I

Original concept idea: Transformation Labs.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Fields#

ID
Commercial name (s)
Type / Versions
Other known Versions
Commercial Description
Media (images, videos, etc)
Manufacturer
Manufacturer website
Service manuals - URL
Source materials / Hazardous substances
Tools needed to Service
Spare parts reference
Support and service providers
End of Life policy
Repair tutorials / stories
Reuse / Upcycling stories
Second-hand market information / prices / stories
Other comments / observations

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Universal Registry of Things#

Description#

The Universal Registry of Things will be a trusted source of information about how to reuse objects and materials. It will do so by offering information about repair, customisation and repurposing of virtually any kind of thing.

The prototype of the Universal Registry of Things is called ThingWiki.

Fields#

Brainstorming on this file.

Some examples of types of data to be featured:

Manufacturer, support and end-of-life policy;
Versions and official recalls;
Price of object offered online (new/used);
Materials and service manuals;
Parts and Repair tools;
Tutorials of repair;
Examples of reuse / upcycling;
Second-hand market information.

The universal registry of things was first articulated as a concept idea within the OpenDoTT project.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Meetings#

Reuse city lab meetings.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

“Bioregioning: Pathways to Urban-Rural Reconnection”#

John Thackara

Bioregions are not just geographic locales. They embody the interconnection of our minds and nature’s at a molecular, atomic, and hormonal level. A bioregion, in this sense, repairs the unity of mind and world that has been fractured by modernity.2 A bioregion is literally and etymologically a life-place (in Robert Thayer’s words3) that is definable by natural rather than political or economic boundaries. Its geographic, climatic, hydrological, and ecological qualities—its metabolism—can be the basis for meaning and identity because they are unique. And just as ecological systems are unique to each place, so, too, are the social assets of a bioregion—the individuals, groups, networks, and cultures that make up what Cormac Russell calls its associational life.4 In a bioregion, the word growth takes on a new meaning, which is measured in terms of improvements to the health and carrying capacity of the land, and in the resilience of communities. And because value is created in a bioregion by the stewardship of living systems, rather than the extraction of natural resources, a bioregion frames the next economy, not the dying one we have now.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Link collection#

As usual, I keep a collection of bookmarks related to my research. It can always be found here:

https://links.efeefe.me/?searchtags=opendott

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

To read#

References I have not yet read, added to my reading pile:

Videos#

TED: recycling #

Search query “recycling” at TED. Do I want to watch any of them?

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Projects#

Research#

SHAREPAIR - Digital Support Infrastructure for Citizens in the Repair Economy #

The project addresses the increasing amount of waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). WEEE is one of the fastest-growing waste streams in the EU, growing at 3-5% a year. Consumption of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), and therefore production of WEEE, is very high throughout the NWE region (Eurostat 2016, EEE products put on the market). At the same time, NWE is home to a growing citizen repair movement (10,000+ volunteers), attempting to fight back against this upsurge in waste. However, their impact remains small, even though consumers indicate a high willingness to repair. Hence, there is a large gap between intent and actual behaviour, due to a lack of convenient and accessible repair solutions. The project aims to decrease WEEE from consumer products by scaling up citizen repair initiatives through the use of digital tools: digital tools that stimulate and facilitate citizen repair by collecting repair solutions and making them easily accessible to citizens. The tools will target both consumers at home and more skilled repairers in repair cafés. They will also map and guide citizens towards high-quality professional repair services, and assemble, with the help of designers, a database of 3D-printing designs (open-source) for printing replacement parts. The objective is to decrease WEEE by 13,5 T per year in pilot repair cafés and by 175 T per year in the pilot cities. The project’s main output will be an integrated approach to supporting citizen repair: a digital infrastructure that supports self-repair, repairing together (in repair cafés or repair centres), and repairing with professional support. To sustain this infrastructure beyond the project lifetime, business and policy models will be developed with a view to setting up a European Open Repair Data Platform.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

References#

A growing list of references, commented or otherwise. There is also a longer list of bookmarks relevant for my research here.

[[bioregioning]]
[[link-collection]]
[[more-references]]
[[projects]]
[[recycling]]
[[repair]]

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Recycling#

Challenging the assumption that recycling should be the ultimate goal of waste management policy.

Media#

Most plastic will never be recycled – and the manufacturers couldn’t care less #

Article at The Guardian by by Arwa Mahdawi

Why China Must Protect Its Informal Recycling Sector #

Article by Chen Liwen at Sixth Tone (recommended by David Li).

New Report Confirms: Recycling Is BS #

Article by Lloyd Alter on Treehugger.

Yes, Recycling is Broken #

Article by Leyla Acaroglu at Medium / Disrputive Design.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Repair#

The Timeliness of Repair, Continent.cc Issue 6.1 / 2017: 51-55#

Lara Houston

I draw on this productive generalisation to sketch some dominant temporal figurations of repair. The term “repair” comes from the Old French word “reparer”, and the Latin word “reparare”. The prefix “re” means “back” and the root “parare” to “make ready”. In repair we are bringing objects back to readiness. Repair restores degrees of past capacity for present and future use. This reflexive temporal tension is written into the heart of the term. However, in situations where objects are taken as ontologically stable and breakdown is exceptional, repair emphasises returning objects to a prior functionality. Repair as “return” means moving back along a linear conception of time. But to think about repair (and the world) in this way is to obscure the complex forms of change - and their temporal unfolding - that both lead to breakdown and are enacted through repair work. In contrast, in this paper I explore a notion of repair built around differentiation. In doing so, I build on two bodies of literature that have profoundly challenged the role and status of material objects in the social world. Actor network theory and its aftermath has emphasised emergent networks of associations and hybrid relations between actors and agencies achieving only partial and temporary stabilities as objects.[1] Material culture studies and feminist new materialism(s) have underscored the processual character of materials, which in their state of flux always exceed stable object positions or signifiers.[2] Understanding repair as differentiation foregrounds the temporal dimension of this processual unfolding of socio-material change. It attunes us to the specific forms of change that occur at particular times and places – to particular things – rather than foregrounding the reproduction of social and material order. Repair as differentiation makes temporal horizons of breakdown and repair visible, adding depth and nuance by showing the huge range of processes involved in decay, fracture and failure that might otherwise be dissolved in the category (or state) of breakdown. These are consequential in how we organize to sustain our world, particularly in an age where ecological limits are unmistakeable. Differentiation also reveals the creative, inventive and innovative work that happens in the process of fixing, across human and non-human bodies. Repair sites can recover the ways that technologies are sustained (or not) in particular places through different cultures and economies of repair that incorporate their own senses of timeliness. Differentiation generates remainders, fragments and trajectories that may not be contained in the neatened stories of return.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Video Demo#

Partly because of the restrictions due to the pandemic, I am working with a video producer in this phase of research. A video seems to be a good way to summarise my research and translate some of its ideas to a wider audience.

Update on 14.04.2021#

I could not evolve my part of the original plans, nor the partnership I expected to weave with an English artist. So the idea of having a video to start discussions of what became reuse city lab is not feasible anymore. However, having videos may still prove useful in two senses: